Baker CS, Lento GM, Cipriano F, Dalebout ML, Palumbi SR (2000) Scientific Whaling: Source of Illegal Products for Market? Science 290:1695-1696.

Barlow J (2003) Preliminary estimates of the abundance of cetaceans along the U.S. west coast: 1991-2001. Southwest Fisheries Science Center Administrative Report LJ-03-03, La Jolla, CA. http://swfsc.nmfs.noaa.gov/PRD/CMMP/OtherReports/LJ-03-03.pdf

Benson SR, Croll DA, Marinovic BB, Chavez FP, Harvey JT (2002) Changes in the cetacean assemblage of a coastal upwelling ecosystem during El Niño 1997-98 and La Niña 1999. Progress in Oceanography 54:279-291.

Clapham PJ, Leatherwood S, Szczepaniak I, Brownell RL, Jr. (1997) Catches of humpback and other whales from shore stations at Moss Landing and Trinidad, California, 1919-1926. Marine Mammal Science 13:368-394.

Commission for Environmental Cooperation (2005) North American Conservation Action Plan for the Humpback Whale. Communications Department, CEC Secretariat, Montreal, Canada. http://www.cec.org/programs_projects/
conserv_biodiv/nacap/humpback-whale.cfm?varlan=english

Croll DA, Clark CW, Calambokidis J, Ellison WT, Tershy BR (2001) Effect of anthropogenic low-frequency noise on the foraging ecology of Balaenoptera whales. Animal Conservation 4:13-27.

Laist DW, Knowlton AR, Mead JG, Collet AS, Podesta M (2001) Collisions between ships and whales. Marine Mammal Science 17:35-75. http://www.mmc.gov/articles/pdf/shipstrike.pdf

Steiger GH, Calambokidis J, Sears R, Balcomb KC, Cubbage JC (1991) Movement of humpback whales between California and Costa Rica. Marine Mammal Science 7:306-310.

Steiger GH, Calambokidis J (2000) Reproductive rates of humpback whales off California. Marine Mammal Science 16:220-239. http://www.cascadiaresearch.org/reports/Reproductive%20Rates%202000.pdf

Urbán RJ, Jaramillo LA, Aguayo LA, Ladrón de Guevara PP, Salinas ZM, Alvarez FC, Medrano GL, Jacobsen JK, Balcomb KC, Claridge DE, Calambokidis J, Steiger GH, Straley JM, von Ziegesar O, Waite JM, Mizroch S, Dahlheim ME, Darling JD, Baker CS (2000) Migratory destinations of humpback whales wintering in the Mexican Pacific. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 2(2): 101-110.

Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, SIMoN, Marine Mammal Monitoring Projects.

Cascadia Research Collective: http://www.cascadiaresearch.org

Center for Integrated Marine Technologies (CIMT), Wind to Whales Program. http://cimt.ucsc.edu/

Department of the Navy, SURTASS LFA, Scientific Research on whale reaction to LFA. http://www.surtass-lfa-eis.com/Research/

Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, SPLASH main page: http://www.hihwnms.nos.noaa.gov/special_offerings/sp_off/splash/splash.html

International Whaling Commission (IWC), Lives of Whales. http://www.iwcoffice.org/conservation/lives.htm

Marine Mammal Commission, Species, Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaengliae): http://www.mmc.gov/species/humpbackwhale.html

NOAA, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Education Web Site. http://nmml.afsc.noaa.gov/education/default.htm

NOAA, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Bioacoustics - Monitoring marine mammals using acoustics. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/acoustics/whales/bioacoustics.html

NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, CSCAPE Collaborative Survey of Cetacean Abundance and the Pelagic Ecosystem. http://swfsc.nmfs.noaa.gov/PRD/PROJECTS/CSCAPE/default.htm

NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, North Pacific Humpback Whale Studies: 2003-2007, SPLASH. http://swfsc.nmfs.noaa.gov/prd/PROJECTS/splash/

NOAA Fisheries, Protected Resources Division, Cetaceans. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/

Tagging of Pacific Pelagics (TOPP), TOPP Near Real-Time Animal Tracks. http://las.pfeg.noaa.gov/TOPP_recent/

Witness for the Whales, DNA Surveillance, http://www.dna-surveillance.auckland.ac.nz/

Figure 2. (Maps a-c) The density (animals/km²) of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the Upwelling, Oceanic, and Davidson Current seasons in central and northern California. (Map d) Seasonal high use areas based on the synthesis of data from all seasons. Densities are displayed in 10’x10’ cells; cell that were surveyed, but had no humpback whales sightings, have a density of zero; unsurveyed areas appear white. Blue lines indicate the national marine sanctuary boundaries of Cordell Bank, Gulf of the Farallones, and Monterey Bay; the 200m and 2,000m isobaths are also shown in blue.
Download full-size figures (536 KB PDF).

Figure 3. Sightings of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae based on shipboard surveys off California, Oregon, and Washington between 1991-2001. Dashed line represents the U.S. EEZ (exclusive economic zone), thick line indicates the outer boundary of all surveys combined.²
Download full-size figures (536 KB PDF).

Figure 4. Trends in humpback whale abundance for California to southern Washington. The trend line is based on regression of log values (slope reflects 6% annual increase). Also shown is the number of individuals identified each year and the percentage of those individuals that have only been seen in one year.¹²
Download full-size figures (536 KB PDF).

NOAA, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Cetaceans Photo Gallery. http://nmml.afsc.noaa.gov/gallery/cetaceans.htm